Breast Cancer
FGFR alterations contribute to tumor progression and poor outcomes in breast cancer. FGFR1 amplification is the most frequent alteration in breast cancer and is amplified in nearly 15% of hormone receptor positive breast cancer and 5% in triple-negative breast cancer.4
Gastric Cancer
FGFR1-4 genes are altered in gastric cancer. Alterations include amplifications, rearrangements, and mutations. The most frequent alterations were detected in the FGFR2 gene, followed by FGFR1, and FGFR3-4.5
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
FGFR1 is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and causes tumor formation through mitogen-activated protein kinase, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT signaling. It is associated with poor outcome.6
Melanoma
Overexpression of FGFR3 is highly expressed in cutaneous malignant melanoma and promotes melanoma growth, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition behaviors.7
Multiple Myeloma
Some multiple myeloma cases involve the chromosomal translocation t(4;14), which brings the FGFR3 and the adjacent multiple myeloma SET (MMSET) gene under the control of the Ig heavy chain promoter leading to altered expression of FGFR3 and MMSET.8
Urothelial Cancer
FGFR3 alterations are documented in low-grade noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and overall urothelial carcinoma. FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR4 are also altered in urothelial carcinoma, but to a lesser degree.9
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