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NTRK
Biological Pathway Review

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NTRK Expression in Cancer

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

NTRK alteration has been reported in low frequency in patients with AML.4


Brain Cancer

In <5% of patients with gliomas, NTRK fusions have been reported.8


CNS Tumors

NTRK fusions have been recognized in pediatric and adult patients with CNS tumors, such as gliomas.1,6


Colorectal Cancer

NTRK fusions occur in less than 1% colorectal cancer cases.2


Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

In up to 75% of patients with GIST, NTRK gene fusion has been identified.8


Infantile Fibrosarcoma

NTRK3 fusions are found in more than 80% of congenital infantile fibrosarcoma cases, noting that this type of tumor is rare and represents less than 1% of pediatric cancer cases.1,2


Inflammatory Tumors

NTRK3 gene fusions have been noted in adolescent and adult patients with inflammatory myofibroblast tumors.1,6


Lung Cancer

Gene fusions occur in up to 1% of non-small-cell lung cancer cases.1


Melanoma

Translocations and gene NTRK fusions have been noted in spitzoid melanoma tumors in less that 1% of cases.1,6


Secretory Breast Cancer

Noted as one of the rarest forms of breast cancer, secretory breast cancer involves high rates of NTRK gene fusion.1,2


Soft-Tissue Sarcomas

NTRK fusions are rare but have been observed in soft-tissue sarcoma patients.1,6


Thyroid Cancer

Rearrangement of NTRK1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma, the most common form of thyroid cancer, ranges from less than 5 to 25% of cases.NTRK fusions occur with an intermediate frequency in pediatric thyroid cancers. Differentiated and papillary thyroid tumors have a 22 to 26% frequency of NTRK fusions.1,2

NTRK Biological Pathways Reviews

NTRK

The neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene family consists of 3 genes, NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 that encode the tropomyosin receptor kinase family of TRKs, TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC respectively.1,2 TRK proteins are essential to the development, preservation, and function of central and peripheral neural tissues.1,3,4
Aberrant rearrangements of NTRK genes, specifically NTRK fusions, result in the formation of TRK fusion proteins that promote oncogenesis within a wide range of adult and pediatric tumors and provide an actionable biomarker for approaches to cancer therapy.3,5,6 While tumor types are grouped as rare tumors with common fusions that are pathognomonic or common tumors that rarely involve NTRK fusions, recent evidence indicates remarkable efficacy of targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors against rare tumors consisting of NTRK fusions.2,3,5

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Resources

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